Session- Composting Infrastructure Development
Economic Waste Management System Through Biodegradation for Municipal Waste:
Case Study of Maharashtra State, India
L.P. Chaudhari
Institute for sustainable development & research , N-1-8, Narayan pujari nagar ,WORLI, BOMBAY ,400018 .INDIA
The Maharashtra state in India have 325 Towns and 33 cities. There are 232 municipal councils including A ,B, and C class , and 12 municipal corporations .These local authorities are looking after the civic administration at town or city level .These towns are now facing the acute solid waste problem causing the environmental pollution. The combined effect of this pollution is degradation in the soil , water and air quality, which ultimately affect the civic health in these areas. The studies in this paper points to a number of considerations that should be taken in to account when planning the environmental strategies and selecting the policy instruments for solid waste disposal in towns using composting process.This paper will deals with present scenario in compost using the organic waste and its application in agriculture and forestry, past efforts to ensure the economic development of compost process from agriculture waste, kitchen waste, market waste and organic waste .It also discusses some of the recent successful examples in regards to public - private and peoples partnership in infrastructure provision for biotreatment and marketing for the same. The paper emphasizes for extensive capacity building for compost process and its application for sustainability at local level for economic use of organic waste.
Farmers' Perception and Their Willingness-To-Pay for Co-Composted Urban Organic Waste in Ghana
DANSO K. GEORGE(1), PAY DRECHSEL, and SIMON FIALOR
IWMI, GHANA OFFICE, KNUST, KUMASI,GHANA, Ghana
The challenge arising from the rapid urban growth in Africa concerns first of all urban food security but also municipal waste management. Regarding the high price of industrial fertilizer, organic waste stream products receive increasing attention especially for urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA). The research work aimed at assessing the perception and willingness-to-pay for co-composted urban organic waste (solid waste and human faeces) among UPA farmers and other potential consumers. Participatory rural appraisal and contingent valuation methods were used. Results indicate that the majority of the farmers have positive perception and are willing to use and pay for co-compost also without related prior experience. Those with negative perception assumed it to be ineffective and were concerned about the night-soil component. Some farmers with experience in co-compost were willing to pay less and explained that co-compost needs a lot of water before the plants will grow well. In general, the study reveals that constraints in the use of co-compost were mainly economic rather than cultural. Since most of the farmers had not used it before, they recommended that there should be samples for field trails and also the need for farmers€™ education on the use of the product. It was also realized that landscape designers/real estate developers could be a significant consumer group to be considered in municipal compost projects.
Production and Marketing of Organic Fertilizer and Compost Manufactured at the Çamli Besicilik (Turkey) Composting and Pelletizing Facility
LEWIS NAYLOR(1) and Hasan Girenes(2)
(1) BLACK & VEATCH,(2) Çamli Besicilik, USA
The Çamli Besicilik (Yasar Group) animal husbandry and breeding facilities established in 1987 care for up to 18,000 beef animals and nearly two million turkeys each year. This operation provides animals for the Pinar Meat company which is part of the Yasar Group family of companies. A second activity at the Çamli Besicilik animal farms is the environmentally sound and economically productive management of the up to 125,000 tons of manure produced by the animals each year. This quantity translates to as much as 342 tons of manure each day. Handling this material proficiently and in an environmentally responsible manner, while operating in a positive cash flow mode is a daunting challenge. This presentation describes the Çamli strategy. The manure management program consists of manure collection, composting, pelletizing the compost, and marketing the compost as well as the pellets to agricultural and horticultural farms. Each week manure from the feed lots, holding pens, breeding facilities, and growing houses is collected and transported to the temporary storage and windrow composting facilities. There the compost windrows are mechanically turned as water is added to enhance the composting process. After six to eight weeks the drying and composting process has slowed and the active composting process is essentially complete. The dry compost is screened and pelletized. The pellets are placed into plastic bags that contain 25 kg or about 30 liters of material. The pellets are being marketed as BioFarm, an Organic Fertilizer. One challenge was to figure out how Çamli could sell the compost at a price the farmers could afford in an economically stressed area. This involved in working with greenhouse vegetable growers and Çamli staff to understand just what the farmers expected the product to achieve as an Organic Fertilizer. But it also required developing an understanding with Çamli how the pelletized product should be presented to the farmers, and guidance on how the product could be used successfully. As long as the farmers are successful economically, the Organic Fertilizer product would continue to sell. The relationship had to be a win-win operation.
Partnership for Effective Compost Utilization
GANA PATI OJHA
Sustainable Soil Management Program, Nepal
Small farmers' access to agricultural technologies including the compost utilization can be increased through government-NGO partnership. This was the conclusion of a study conducted in Chitwan Nepal while comparing seven extension patterns belonging to public (GO), private (PO) and NGO sectors. There were three individual (GO, PO, and NGO) and four partnership (GO+NGO, GO+PO, NGO+PO, and GO+NGO+PO) patterns. While comparing partnership and non-partnership patterns the study concluded partnership being more effective in extending agricultural technologies. Among the partnership patterns, GO+PO and GO+NGO were more effective. The public-private partnership was effective in reaching large farm holders who were interested in high-yielding technologies that were generally imported and costly. The government-NGO partnership was effective in reaching poor and small farmers who preferred using sustainable low-cost locally available technologies that included mechanical plant protection, locally tested open-pollinated crop varieties, and use of compost. The major reasons for GO-NGO partnership being effective were synergy exhibited by the GO and the NGO, peer pressure, mutual benefits, resource sharing, institution-client interaction, re-enforcement, participation in action and reflection process, professional use of agent-time, recognition of and respect to each other's contribution and strengths, staff attitude, and support from local leadership. This study has been conducted during the time when partnerships are much advocated in development discourse, but the generated knowledge in partnership is inadequate to make conclusions. The implications of this study are: (1) GO-NGO partnerships are useful way of increasing farmers access to compost related technologies; (2) the formation of partnership must be based on an understanding of comparative advantages of each partner agency; and (3) continuous dialogue between partner is necessary.